Diamond \Di"a*mond\ (?; 277), n. [OE. diamaund, diamaunt, F.
diamant, corrupted, fr. L. adamas, the hardest iron, steel,
diamond, Gr. ?. Perh. the corruption is due to the influence
of Gr. ? transparent. See Adamant, Tame.]
1. A precious stone or gem excelling in brilliancy and
beautiful play of prismatic colors, and remarkable for
extreme hardness.
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Note: The diamond is native carbon in isometric crystals,
often octahedrons with rounded edges. It is usually
colorless, but some are yellow, green, blue, and even
black. It is the hardest substance known. The diamond
as found in nature (called a rough diamond) is cut, for
use in jewelry, into various forms with many reflecting
faces, or facets, by which its brilliancy is much
increased. See Brilliant, Rose. Diamonds are said
to be of the first water when very transparent, and of
the second or third water as the transparency
decreases.
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2. A geometrical figure, consisting of four equal straight
lines, and having two of the interior angles acute and two
obtuse; a rhombus; a lozenge.
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3. One of a suit of playing cards, stamped with the figure of
a diamond.
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4. (Arch.) A pointed projection, like a four-sided pyramid,
used for ornament in lines or groups.
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5. (Baseball) The infield; the square space, 90 feet on a
side, having the bases at its angles.
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6. (Print.) The smallest kind of type in English printing,
except that called brilliant, which is seldom seen.
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Black diamond, coal; (Min.) See Carbonado.
Bristol diamond. See Bristol stone, under Bristol.
Diamond beetle (Zool.), a large South American weevil
(Entimus imperialis), remarkable for its splendid luster
and colors, due to minute brilliant scales.
Diamond bird (Zool.), a small Australian bird (Pardalotus
punctatus, family Ampelid[ae].). It is black, with
white spots.
Diamond drill (Engin.), a rod or tube the end of which is
set with black diamonds; -- used for perforating hard
substances, esp. for boring in rock.
Diamond finch (Zool.), a small Australian sparrow, often
kept in a cage. Its sides are black, with conspicuous
white spots, and the rump is bright carmine.
Diamond groove (Iron Working), a groove of V-section in a
roll.
Diamond mortar (Chem.), a small steel mortar used for
pulverizing hard substances.
Diamond-point tool, a cutting tool whose point is
diamond-shaped.
Diamond snake (Zool.), a harmless snake of Australia
(Morelia spilotes); the carpet snake.
Glazier's diamond, a small diamond set in a glazier's tool,
for cutting glass.
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Black \Black\ (bl[a^]k), a. [OE. blak, AS. bl[ae]c; akin to
Icel. blakkr dark, swarthy, Sw. bl[aum]ck ink, Dan. bl[ae]k,
OHG. blach, LG. & D. blaken to burn with a black smoke. Not
akin to AS. bl[=a]c, E. bleak pallid. [root]98.]
1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the
color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark
color, the opposite of white; characterized by such a
color; as, black cloth; black hair or eyes.
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O night, with hue so black! --Shak.
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2. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in
darkness; very dark or gloomy; as, a black night; the
heavens black with clouds.
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I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud.
--Shak.
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3. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness;
destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked;
cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible. "This day's black
fate." "Black villainy." "Arise, black vengeance." "Black
day." "Black despair." --Shak.
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4. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen;
foreboding; as, to regard one with black looks.
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Note: Black is often used in self-explaining compound words;
as, black-eyed, black-faced, black-haired,
black-visaged.
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Black act, the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a
felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to
hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or
disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for
malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been
called black acts.
Black angel (Zool.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida
(Holacanthus tricolor), with the head and tail yellow,
and the middle of the body black.
Black antimony (Chem.), the black sulphide of antimony,
Sb2S3, used in pyrotechnics, etc.
Black bear (Zool.), the common American bear (Ursus
Americanus).
Black beast. See B[^e]te noire.
Black beetle (Zool.), the common large cockroach (Blatta
orientalis).
Black bonnet (Zool.), the black-headed bunting (Embriza
Sch[oe]niclus) of Europe.
Black canker, a disease in turnips and other crops,
produced by a species of caterpillar.
Black cat (Zool.), the fisher, a quadruped of North America
allied to the sable, but larger. See Fisher.
Black cattle, any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in
distinction from dairy cattle. [Eng.]
Black cherry. See under Cherry.
Black cockatoo (Zool.), the palm cockatoo. See Cockatoo.
Black copper. Same as Melaconite.
Black currant. (Bot.) See Currant.
Black diamond. (Min.) See Carbonado.
Black draught (Med.), a cathartic medicine, composed of
senna and magnesia.
Black drop (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation
consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar.
Black earth, mold; earth of a dark color. --Woodward.
Black flag, the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a
skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance.
Black flea (Zool.), a flea beetle (Haltica nemorum)
injurious to turnips.
Black flux, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal,
obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of
niter. --Brande & C.
Black Forest [a translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in
Baden and W["u]rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient
Hercynian forest.
Black game, or Black grouse. (Zool.) See Blackcock,
Grouse, and Heath grouse.
Black grass (Bot.), a grasslike rush of the species Juncus
Gerardi, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.
Black gum (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or
pepperidge. See Tupelo.
Black Hamburg (grape) (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of
dark purple or "black" grape.
Black horse (Zool.), a fish of the Mississippi valley
(Cycleptus elongatus), of the sucker family; the
Missouri sucker.
Black lemur (Zool.), the Lemurniger of Madagascar; the
acoumbo of the natives.
Black list, a list of persons who are for some reason
thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list
of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made
for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See
Blacklist, v. t.
Black manganese (Chem.), the black oxide of manganese,
MnO2.
Black Maria, the close wagon in which prisoners are carried
to or from jail.
Black martin (Zool.), the chimney swift. See Swift.
Black moss (Bot.), the common so-called long moss of the
southern United States. See Tillandsia.
Black oak. See under Oak.
Black ocher. See Wad.
Black pigment, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance,
or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of
printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar.
Black plate, sheet iron before it is tinned. --Knight.
Black quarter, malignant anthrax with engorgement of a
shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox.
Black rat (Zool.), one of the species of rats (Mus
rattus), commonly infesting houses.
Black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3.
Black rust, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist
matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain.
Black sheep, one in a family or company who is unlike the
rest, and makes trouble.
Black silver. (Min.) See under Silver.
Black and tan, black mixed or spotted with tan color or
reddish brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of
dogs.
Black tea. See under Tea.
Black tin (Mining), tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed,
stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form
of a black powder, like fine sand. --Knight.
Black walnut. See under Walnut.
Black warrior (Zool.), an American hawk (Buteo Harlani).
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Syn: Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart;
Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.
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